Problem
Transitioning from coal to biomass combustion in existing boilers introduces several challenges due to the distinct combustion characteristics of biomass fuels. Operators often encounter issues such as unstable ignition, increased fouling, particle carry-over, uneven heat distribution, and elevated emissions.

Solution
To address these challenges, a comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed in STAR-CCM+ to simulate the combustion process within the boiler. The model incorporated detailed representations of biomass particle behavior, including drying, devolatilization, and char combustion phases. Advanced turbulence and combustion models were employed to capture the complex interactions between the biomass fuel and combustion air. The CFD simulations allowed for the analysis of temperature profiles, flow patterns, and pollutant formation, providing insights into the combustion dynamics specific to biomass fuels.

Result
The CFD analysis identified key areas within the boiler where modifications could enhance performance. Recommendations included optimising air distribution to ensure complete combustion, adjusting fuel feed rates, and redesigning burner configurations to accommodate the unique properties of biomass. Implementing these changes led to improved combustion stability, reduced emissions, and enhanced overall efficiency of the biomass-fired boiler. The successful application of CFD modeling in this context demonstrates its value as a tool for facilitating the transition from coal to biomass combustion in existing boiler systems.